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An Unemployment Vulnerability Index is presented to obtain the profiles of those employed in Mexico with the highest risk of losing their job, taking as reference labor data produced during the covid-19 pandemic. Among the results derived from the Analytical Hierarchical Process, it was found that the most influential variables to measure vulnerability to unemployment were sector and gender;thus women with basic education, working in the informal sector, in the services branch, or micro-enterprises and with low income, had a greater probability of losing their job.Alternate :En esta investigación se presenta un Índice de Vulnerabilidad al Desempleo para obtener los perfiles de los ocupados en México con mayor riesgo a perder su trabajo, se toman como referencia datos laborales producidos durante la pandemia por covid-19. Entre los resultados derivados del Proceso Jerárquico Analítico se encontró que las variables más influyentes para medir la vulnerabilidad al desempleo fueron el sector y el género;los perfiles de mujeres con educación básica, quienes trabajan en el sector informal, en la rama de servicios o en microempresas con un ingreso bajo, tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de perder su trabajo.
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This paper explores economic vulnerability in an industrial sector of Baja California, Mexico, during the first wave of COVID-19. In this regard, the Pressure and Release (PAR) model is used to analyze the information obtained from a panel of business representatives in the industrial sector. The results reveal several processes and factors that explain the fragility (vulnerability) of the industrial sector against hazardous events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022, Corporation for the Management and Reduction of Disaster Risk in Chile (GRID-Chile). All rights reserved.
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PyMES, COVID-19, Resiliencia : Currently with the health crisis (COVID-19) it is of vital importance to determine which are the characteristics that will determine that a company survives the situation presented. Keywords: SMEs, COVID-19, Resilient 1.Introducción La empresa es aquella organización que puede tener uno o más establecimientos bajo la misma razón social. En cuanto a los estudios empíricos que señalan los factores que influyen en el crecimiento o permanencia de las PYMES a nivel global, podemos destacar la edad, el tamaño de la empresa, el sector en el que se encuentra la empresa, ya que podemos ver los años de vida entre el sector manufacturero y el sector comercial difieren en un mismo estado de la república, la ubicación de la empresa, los autores afirman que si la empresa se encuentra en un lugar aislado la PYME crecerá lentamente a diferencia de si se encuentra en un lugar conglomerado, este factor es debatido ya que en México Querétaro, que tiene una población menor a la de Nuevo León, tiene una mayor esperanza de vida de las PYMES, La edad y el género del propietario pueden influir en el crecimiento, mientras que los propietarios de mayor edad no consideran ampliar sus negocios, los más jóvenes sí. Actualmente se han realizado estudios sobre el cierre de empresas debido al fenómeno global "COVID19", estos estudios han demostrado que para evitar el cierre, las organizaciones han reducido sus gastos a través del ajuste de sus presupuestos y planes de ejecución, así mismo han aprendido a utilizar la tecnología para difundir sus productos a través del uso de las redes sociales y la toma de pedidos, han enviado a sus trabajadores a trabajar desde su casa "Home Office" y han realizado ajustes en cuanto a la demanda de sus productos y la forma en que estos se consumen claro ejemplo el "delivery to order".
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In this research, the case study of the municipality of Los Cabos Baja California Sur, Mexico is presented, with the objective of analyzing recovery strategies, to increase the resilience of tourist destinations, when they face attacks from external factors that threaten their stability and development;The methodology is qualitative, with an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory scope, interviews were carried out with key stakeholders of the tourist destination, with an exploratory script validated by experts at 97%, including profile dimensions, impact scenarios, resilience strategies, and recovery phases, the statistics of the destination and a virtual ethnography were compared, which allowed a broader vision of the problems and the evaluation of the response in two aspects: the COVID-19 pandemic (SARS-CoV-2);and the response analysis on the impact of Hurricane Odile in 2014. The main results showed that the participation of public and private actors related to public policy regarding tourism is central. Although Los Cabos has come out of various crises and currently has a walking strategy that has allowed a small recovery, there is no way to determine a realistic approach to the economic recovery of the destination. The impact on the poorly diversified economy of the region makes it difficult to sustain the operation of companies and the jobs of the population. Biosafety indicators for tourists and residents should be incorporated into good practices in the sector and the resilience strategies of the tourist destination.Alternate :En esta investigación, se presenta el estudio de caso del municipio de Los Cabos Baja California Sur, México, con el objetivo de analizar estrategias de recuperación, para incrementar la resiliencia de destinos turísticos, cuando estos se enfrentan a embates de factores externos que amenazan su estabilidad y desarrollo;la metodología es cualitativa, con alcance exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo, se efectuaron entrevistas a actores clave del destino turístico, con un guion de corte exploratorio validado por expertos al 97%, se incluyeron dimensiones de perfil, escenarios de afectación, estrategias de resiliencia y fases de recuperación, se compararon las estadísticas del destino y una etnografía virtual, lo cual permitió, tener una visión más amplia de los problemas y la evaluación de respuesta en dos vertientes: la pandemia COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2);y el análisis de respuesta en el impacto del huracán Odile en 2014. Los principales resultados mostraron que la participación los actores públicos y privados relacionados con la política pública de cara al turismo son centrales. Aunque Los Cabos ha salido adelante de diversas crisis y actualmente posee una estrategia andante que ha permitido una pequeña recuperación, no hay manera de determinar una aproximación realista de recuperación económica del destino. La afectación a la economía poco diversificada de la región, dificulta sostener la operación de las empresas y los empleos de la población. Indicadores de bioseguridad del turista y de los residentes, deberán ser incorporados a las buenas prácticas en el sector y a las estrategias de resiliencia del destino turístico.
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Mexico has more than 40 years of researching, investing, and obtaining electric power through wind energy. Within the country, there are highly windy areas, such as the Isthmus of Tehuantepec or the state of Tamaulipas, and there are about 2500 MW installed and 70,000 MW tested, all onshore. There are still no offshore wind farms in Mexico, despite having two main coasts, the East and the West, with the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean, respectively. Although the Mexican coastal states of the Gulf of Mexico are Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatán, this work focuses on the study and feasibility of offshore wind energy use on the coasts of the states of Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatán. This is because of the availability of data in that region;however, sustainability criteria that can be used in other regions are also presented. MN1 -https://media.proquest.com/media/hms/PFT/1/QWW6N?_a=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%3D%3D&_s=bqizVgXfGC1ulIdNL9ljg0AkJAU%3D ERRA-2 and ERA5 data were used employing WAsP and Windographer software. It was found that the capacity factor in the area of Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatán is 32%, 37%, and 46%. It can be noted that, in the WF100% scenario, each of the wind farms could contribute more than 35% of the region’s electricity consumption;those of Campeche and Yucatán stand out with contributions of more than 70%.
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Palabras-clave: simulación computacional, simulación social, deserción escolar : This research was oriented to developing a computational tool through computational, complex, and adaptive social simulation. The computational social simulator for school dropouts in higher education institutions (IES);is based on a model developed in this work;this allows to understand and address the problem through four aspects that are: economic, psychological, organizational, and social;This tool will allow the directors of the HEIs in Tijuana, Baja California to analyze the main variables that intervene in the educational problem of school dropout derived from the high dropout rates that the state has, the simulator allows the early detection of relationships of the variables that affect the student's environment. Keywords: computer simulation, social simulation, school dropout 1. Con un enfoque en los alumnos de educación superior y de acuerdo a las estadísticas de INEGI, (2021), se conoce que, el total de alumnos universitarios que no concluyeron con sus estudios son de un 44.6% a causa de efectos relacionados al COVID-19, por otra parte, un 8% representa a aquellos alumnos que presentaron problemas económicos, el 17.1 % fue por causas de trabajo y el 30.3 restante fueron por otras razones, cabe aclarar que estos datos representan el ciclo 2019-2021 La deserción escolar está presente cada año en las Instituciones de Educación Superior que se da por diversas razones como problemas con la situación financiera, problemas sociales, psicológicos incluso hasta organizacionales, no obstante con la llegada de la pandemia COVID-19 estos problemas que ya existían fueron intensificados, por lo tanto se puede decir que en México la situación actual de deserción escolar cuenta con las mismas variables que las provocan pero con más intensidad adicionando la nueva causa que es la pandemia. 3.1.Situación de la deserción escolar en Baja California en el ciclo 20172018 De acuerdo a datos obtenidos por el Centro de Análisis para la Investigación e Innovación (CAIINNO) se da a conocer que en el estado de Baja California los índices de alumnos que logran concluir sus estudios rondan entre el 50%, esto solamente enfocándose en alumnos de nivel licenciatura, dicho de otro modo, de un total de 36,000 lugares ofertados en el ciclo 2017 - 2018, solamente egresaron un total de 18,490 alumnos, se puede deducir que la situación de dicho año fue de un aprovechamiento deseable debido a que no solamente el alumno es afectado por no poder concluir sus estudios, sino que también las Instituciones de Educación Superior son afectadas, como Almazan y Gallardo, (2013) comenta que reciben de manera anual por parte del gobierno mexicano un presupuesto el cual debe ser administrado y poder rendir los doce meses.
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Educación preescolar, educación indígena, educación a distancia, práctica docente, trabajo docente This article describes the work carried out by a director and a teacher of an indigenous multigrade preschool from Baja California, Mexico, during the health contingency caused by Covid-19.The objective is to know the challenges she faced during the transition from face-to-face to remote education and to identify the type of actions that she promoted to continue with the educational processes regarding the closure of schools. From a gualitative approach, we collected information in two moments. Keywords: Preschool education, indigenous education, distance education, teaching practice, teaching work INTRODUCCIÓN La emergencia sanitaria de 2020, causada por el virus SARS-COV2, modificó las actividades cotidianas de la población mundial. Sin embargo, los estudiantes de contextos desfavorecidos o de zonas geográficas marcadas por condiciones de vulnerabilidad e inequidad vieron interrumpidos sus estudios (Portillo et al, 2020) por no contar con los servicios básicos en sus comunidades (electricidad o Internet, por ejemplo) o por no disponer de los recursos tecnológicos en sus casas (celulares inteligentes, computadoras o tablets).
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This article studies how Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in emerging economies implement adaptative strategies to respond to constant changes in demand and global uncertainties, such as those stemming from the current SARS-COV2 pandemic. In this study the knowledge management capabilities used by SMEs in the craft beer sector in a region of northern Mexico are the focus of analysis. The objective is to present the competitive capabilities that craft beer sector has demonstrated in Baja California region and how small companies compete with the national industrial brewery and survive. Sources are data from a sample of companies and interviews with brewery owners, with which the analysis approaches, also, the Baja California business environment. The article highlights the routes of creativity, innovation, and symbolic capital of the companies in the region, and uses ideas from dynamic capabilities and knowledge management theoretical frameworks, to understand the craft brewery milieu. The conclusions in this article include the confirmation about the usefulness of these analytical frameworks based in the capabilities approach and the territorial knowledge. Also, the description of the existence of a complex Baja Californian milieu, where a multimodal scheme of craft beer characterized by different places of distribution and types of beer container, food-districts, at Mexicali, Tijuana, and Ensenada and a second generation of entrepreneur groups leading local business, is identified. © 2022, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultad de Economia y Empresa. All rights reserved.
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COVID-19 has caused 244,830 deaths in Mexico. Evaluating the severity of this contingency is possible if the hospital fatality rate of COVID-19 is described because hospitalized patients present more severe conditions. To analyze the fatality of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. A quantitative, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted using open database from Ministry of Health in Mexico. The analysis included 71,189 discharges from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Mexican Ministry of Health Hospitals during 2020. Of them, 27,403 were due to death, predominantly in men and age groups from 50 to 69 years. The general hospital fatality due to COVID-19 was 38.49%, a hospital fatality of 40.75% in men and 35.03% in women. The 55-to-99-year-old age groups, Baja California, Puebla, and Coahuila had a higher hospital fatality than the general fatality. Besides the deaths caused directly by COVID-19 (those that occurred due to respiratory failures), many deaths were indirect in persons with comorbidities exacerbated by this disease. Access to health services, social changes derived from job loss, home protection, and changes in social dynamics, facts expressed in the general mortality excess, cannot be quantified in our study. There are similar patterns with other persons infected worldwide: This disease is more severe for males and older age subjects.
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The constant demand for seafood products and the undeniable effects of fishing on marine ecosystems make it urgent to implement an ecosystem approach, even in data-poor scenarios such as small-scale fisheries. Understanding the impacts of fishing is essential for promoting management strategies that prevent irreversible damage to marine ecosystems. Thus, ecosystem quantitative science-based models have been frequently used to evaluate the effects of fishing, although fishers’ local ecological knowledge (LEK) can aid the implementation of qualitative models, particularly in data-poor conditions. Here, we present a framework for simulating and assessing the effects of fishing following two strategies: 1) for both types of models, we simulated species removal scenarios, and 2) for quantitative science-based models, we fitted time series to dynamically assessed impacts. The impacts were analyzed through ecological indicators commonly used for quantitative models, and because these indicators cannot be easily estimated for qualitative models, we propose the use of topological indicators in both types of models. The approach was applied to three case studies of small-scale finfish fisheries in northwestern Mexico. We found that the ecosystem response to species removal was different in each case study and that the target species can play an important role in ecosystems, but their removal does not generate abrupt changes in the ecosystem structure. The quantitative science-based models were able to reproduce the historical catch trends, which allowed us to reveal that changes in ecosystems appear to be mostly influenced by primary productivity rather than fishing effort. Furthermore, topological and ecological indicators showed similar trends in the quantitative models, which suggests that the former could be useful when data-poor conditions allow only qualitative models. This result confirms the relevance of the participation of fishers in generating qualitative models and their decisive role in the discussion of co-management strategies and risk scenarios in a better-informed manner.
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ntroduction: Since the COVID 19 infection has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the spectrum of symptoms have been described, however, the presence of digestive symptoms as part of the probable sequelae of the disease has not been well studied. Objective: To determine the variables present during the active stage period of the COVID 19 infection and their association with symptoms of dyspepsia during the recovery period. Material and methods: An online survey was conducted to patients recovered from COVID 19 infection during the months of May and June 2020, evaluating the demographic variables of age, sex and comorbidities, the presence of COVID 19 infection symptoms during the disease active stage and digestive symptoms during recovery. Using SPSS version 22, univar-iate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables associated with the presence of dyspeptic symptoms such as early satiety, epigastric pain and postprandial fullness during recovery from the disease (4 weeks after the infection resolved). Results: A total of 315 patients recovered from COVID 19 infection were evaluated, mainly 59.6% from Baja California, 12.2% from Sonora, 7.8% CDMX, 6% Sinaloa, 3% Veracruz with an average age of 35.7 ±11.5 years of age, 65.4% female, with obesity comorbidities in 19.6% of cases, high blood pressure in 10.9%, asthma in 7.1% and diabetes mellitus in 2.2%. The most frequent symptoms reported of the disease were headache 79.5 %, myalgias 64.1%, diarrhea 60.9%, anosmia 62.2%, fever 57.1%, ageusia 58.7%, odynophagia 56.1%, arthralgias 54.7%, anorexia 52.6%, cough 49.7%, chest pain 39.4%, dyspnea 28.5%. Dyspep-sia in the recovery period was reported with pain in 18.6%, postprandial fullness 34.3%and early satiety in 52.2%. It was found that the variables independently associated with the presence of postprandial fullness during recovery from the disease are male (OR 0.544,IC 0.309-0.958, P = 0.035), anorexia (OR 3.07, IC 1.73-5.45, P <.001) and diarrhea (OR 1.87. IC 1.04-3.34, P = 0.034). The variable associated with the presence of satiety during recovery from the disease is the presence of anorexia (OR 6.65, CI 3.75-11.79, P <0.001). The presence of epigastric pain after COVID 19 infection is associated with diarrhea (OR 3.32, IC 1.42-7.79, P = 0.006), arthralgia (OR 3.15, IC 3.15-1.16-8.55, P = 0.026), treatment with azithromycin ( OR 2.29, IC 1.13-4.64, P = 0.021), chlorine dioxide treatment (OR 11.35, IC 2.69-47.9, P = 0.001).Conclusions: The presence of dyspepsia after infection by COVID 19 is frequent, some of the associated variables are similar to those reported in other cases of post-infectious dyspep-sia, the use of medications has an important relationship with the presence of epigastric pain.
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This study contemplates a number of factors to be considered by MBA graduates in the on-going process of dealing with the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic in the economy, but it will rely on two perspectives: the first and foremost will take the form of a general perspective encompassing the general economic context upon which the consequences of the Covid 19 pandemic are acting;the second refers more to a particular vision where the professional administrator takes center stage: in this latter context, the goal is to identify the needs and problems of the job market related to administrators with an MBA degree. Moreover, we hope to determine the required knowledge, abilities, and aptitudes of an MBA graduate in face of the challenges that will stem from the context of a post-pandemic economy, particularly, the needs of Baja California, in Mexico. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.